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DISCOURSE 



DELIVERED IN QUINCY, MARCH 11, 1848, 



AT THE INTERMENT OF 



JOHN QUINCY ADAMS, 



SIXTH PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES. 



WILLIAM Pf LUNT, 

MINISTER OF THE FIEST CONGKEGATIONAL CHUKCH IN QUINCY. 






BOSTON: 

CHARLES C. LITTLE AND JAMES BROWN. 



MDCCCXLVIII. 






boston: 
printed by fekeman and bolles, 

DEVONSHIRE STREET. 



At a meeting of the Committee of Arrangements, chosen by the Towi of Quincy, 
to superintend the funeral ceremonies of the late Hon. John Qumcy Adams, holden 
at the Town Hall on the 14lh of March, A. D. 1S48 ; — 

It was Voted, That the thanks of this Committee, in hehalf of 
the citizens of the Town of Quincy, be presented to the Kev. 
William P. Lunt, for the appropriate, interestmg and excellent Dis- 
course delivered by him on the eleventh instant, at the funeral ot 
the Hon. John Quincy Adams, and that a copy of the same be 
respectfully requested for publication. ^, , t^ • i tj 

Voted, That Messrs. Josiah Brigham, Orange Clark, Daniel Bax- 
ter and William S. Morton, be a committee to carry the above reso- 
lution into effect. 

Thomas Gkeenleaf, 
Chairman of the ConmuUee of Arrangements. 

William S. Morton, 

Secretary. 
Quincy, March 14, 1848. 



Rev. William P. Lunt, 
Dear Sir, 

The undersigned, selected to communicate the above resolution 
to vou, take great pleasure in performing that service, fully believ- 
incT that so beautiful and feeling a tribute to moral worth and 
greatness deserves our warmest thanks, and that your interesting 
Ind truthful illustration of the life and character of him who was 
" faithful unto death," should not be withheld from the public. 
With assurances of our individual respect and regard, we are, 
Reverend and Dear Sir, 

Your obedient servants, 

JosiAH Brigham, 
Orange Clark, 
Daniel Baxter, 
William S, Morton. 

Quincy, March 14, 1848. 



To Messrs. Josiah Beigham, Orange Claek, Daniel Baxter and William S. 

Morton ; — 
Gentlemen, 

I have received through your hands, accompanied by your note, 
the Votes passed March 14, 1848, at a ntieeting of the Committee 
of Arrangements appointed, in behalf of the inhabitants of the 
town of Quincy, to superintend the funeral ceremonies at the in- 
terment of the late Ex-President John Quincy Adams. 

In compliance with the request contained in one of those votes, 
I will at once prepare for publication a copy of the Discourse 
delivered on the eleventh instant. It affords me satisfaction to be 
permitted to unite with the Committee of the native place of 
Mr. Adams, in the performance of what is really a Christian 
duty, rendering " honor to whom honor is due." 

Accept my thanks, gentlemen, for the kind terms in which you 

have conveyed the votes and wishes of the Committee to which 

you belong, with assurances of respect and friendship from 

Your obedient servant, 

William P. Lunt. 
Quincy, March 15, 1848. 



Boston, March 13, 184S. 
Rev. William P. Lunt, 

Dear and Rev. Sir, 

The Congressional Committee charged with the interesting, 
but sorrowful duty of accompanying the remains of their late 
lamented brother, John Q. Adams, to the place of their interment 
at Quincy, have desired me to solicit from you a copy of your 
Discourse delivered upon the occasion of his funeral. 

Congress has already ordered that twenty thousand copies of 
the proceedings &c., attending the demise of Mr. Adams, should 
be printed ; and it would afford the Committee great pleasure to 
place in the hands of every member of Congress, and as far as 
possible, in the hands of their constituents, this eloquent tribute to 
the memory of the illustrious dead. 

Could you, at your earliest convenience, transmit a copy of 
your address to me at Washington, you would greatly gratify the 
Committee, and particularly oblige. 

Rev. Sir, very truly. 

Your obedient servant, 

F. A. Tallmadge, 

Chairman of Committee, ^-c. 



QuiNCY, March 17, 1848. 
To Hon. F. A. Taixmadc4e, 

Chairman of Congressional Committee, ^-c. 
Dear Sir, 
Your favor of the thirteenth instant, requesting, in the name of 
the Committee appointed by Congress, a copy of the Discourse 
delivered at the interment of your associate and our fellow- 
worsliiper and fellow-townsman, the late John Quincy Adams, 
was not received in time for me to reply before you must have 

left Boston. 

The Committee, appointed to act in behalf of the inhabitants of 
the native place of Mr. Adams, and to make arrangements for 
his funeral, had, before the receipt of your kind letter, asked 
for the publication of the Discourse, and their request had^ been 
acceded to, and the manuscript is now in the hands of the printers. 

This will not, however, prevent my complying with your wishes, 
and sending to you at Washington, at the earliest time possible, a 
copy of the Discourse, to be placed at the disposal of the Com- 
mittee of which you are Chairman. 

I beg you to convey to the several members of the Congressional 
Committee my grateful respects, and to assure them of the high 
value I shall ever attach to their approbation of my services on 
the recent affecting occasion. 

With many thanks for the favorable terms in which you do me 
the honor to express yourself, 
I am, Dear Sir, 

Truly and respectfully. 

Your obedient servant, 

W. P. LUNT. 



DISCOURSE. 



Revelation II. 10. 



BE THOU FAITHFUL UNTO DEATH, AND I WILL GIVE THEE A 

CROWN OF LIFE. 

The Apostle James uses language similar to that 
contained in my text, when he declares, " Blessed is 
the man that endureth temptation : for when he is 
tried, he shall receive the crown of life." 

In various modes of speech the Scriptures express 
the truth, that man's life on the earth is a probation. 
Human beings, in this world, are on trial, and their 
qualities are put to the test. Their patience and 
confidence in Providence are tested — by what they 
suffer ; their meekness and forbearance — by the 
wrongs and persecutions to which they are exposed ; 
their general fidelity — by the amount of resistance 
which they oppose to the temptations that beset them. 
This trial goes on in the case of each individual, and 
ceases not until death terminates his probation. The 



8 



" crown of life," which religion holds up in promise, is 
reserved until death puts an end to human efforts, 
and allows a fair and conclusive estimate to be made 
of the merits of those who have striven for that 
crown. None can be pronounced safe, except "he 
that endureth to the end." 

But the judgments of the world are, in many ma- 
terial respects, different from the judgments of scrip- 
tural truth. The world is frequently ready to crown 
him who exhibits in his conduct some single virtue ; 
who performs some one brilliant or commendable act. 
Struck with blind admiration of the solitary virtue, 
the world applauds, and offers a crown. But what 
security is there for the virtue which has only once 
or but a few times been practised, which is prompted 
very likely by sudden impulse, which has no root in 
a principle implanted in the soul ? And how can we 
know that our own virtue or that of others has this 
rooted firmness of principle, until repeated trials give 
assurance of the fact? Religion, therefore, always 
leaves it as an open and undecided question whether 
a person is saved, whether he is entitled to the re- 
wards of the perfect state, until death removes the 
possibility of his lapsing into error and sin. " Be 
thou faithful unto death, and I will give thee a crown 
of life," — is the declaration of Him who is holy and 
true. 

And there is one other particular in which we may 



9 



contrast the judgment of the world with the righteous 
judgment of God. The word of God declares that 
the " crown of life " will be awarded to the " faithful." 
Now faithfulness implies moral qualities. Not the 
favorites of fortune ; not the gifted possessors of 
genius 5 not they who, by descent, are children of 
Abraham, while they fail to prove their title by 
showing the only proper vouchers, — the virtues of 
Abraham reproduced in their own characters ; not 
the great of this world, who " exercise authority " 
over their fellow-men, who are greeted by their titles 
of kings, presidents, judges; — not these, without 
further question, shall, according to the perfect judg- 
ment of God, receive the "crown of life," but the 
" faithful." " The righteous shall be held in ever- 
lasting remembrance." " The memorial of virtue " is 
pronounced by the wise man to be " immortal. When 
it is present, men take example at it ; and when it is 
gone, they desire it ; it weareth a crown, and triumph- 
eth forever." 

And if the rewards of the future life are to be 
awarded according to moral desert, why should not 
our judgments of the characters and claims of those 
who are candidates for our suffrages, whose place in 
the consideration of the world is to be settled, whose 
reputation remains to be determined by their contem- 
poraries or by posterity, — why should not our judg- 
ments be governed by the same principle ? On whose 



10 



head shall we, when called to decide upon the merits 
of our fellow-men, place the " crown of life ? " Shall 
we not give it to him who has been " faithful unto 
death?" And the longer death is postponed by a 
gracious Providence, and the more hazards virtue has 
incurred by such postponement, is not the merit of 
the individual thereby enhanced, and are not his claims 
to distinction and honor proportionably strengthened ? 
And can any of us question whether the crown 
would be worthily bestowed, if we were to confer it, 
with deference to a tribunal higher than ours, upon 
that individual who has recently fallen, " the beauty 
of" our " Israel," upon the " high places " of the land ; 
and whose remains we are now to convey, with all 
suitable marks of respect and honor, to their hnal 
resting-place? The sacred edifice in which we are 
assembled brings up before the mind the venerable 
idea of him, who, in the interval between the annual 
suspension of his public duties, and the time for 
resuming them, at the capital of the nation, was 
always found here in his seat, a constant, candid, 
devout worshiper. With a simplicity of manner truly 
republican and christian, he walked to the house of 
God in company with his neighbors ; prayed with us 
at this altar ; communed with us at this table of the 
Lord ; meditated with us, a brother with brethren, on 
that truth which has been revealed by God for human 
salvation -, consented repeatedly to accompany the 



11 



Pastor of this cliurch, as a delegate, to assist in ordi- 
nations among the neighboring christian churches, 
according to our Congregational usages; asked for 
the prayers of the church in his own afflictions and 
bereavements; contributed the compositions of his 
devotional genius to the sacred songs in which we 
are wont to celebrate the perfections of God ; and in 
every way lent the influence of his example to give 
increased efficacy to christian truth in the community. 
It is altogether fit and proper, therefore, that the 
lifeless remains of our fellow-christian should be 
brought here, on their way to the place prepared for 
the dead ; and that, while we express our sympathy 
with those whose hearts have been most deeply 
wounded by this providence, we should review his 
long, useful and illustrious life ; recount the principal 
incidents in his career, although they may be familiar 
to many who are here present ; and draw from the 
history of his public services and from his well known 
character, such lessons as may be edifying. That life 
is full of instruction for the young and for the old. 
The Scripture word " faithful " is to no one more appli- 
cable than to the departed. It is, in truth, the word, 
by which, more perhaps than by any other in the 
language, his character may best be described. He 
was " faithful unto death ; " and to him belongs, so 
far as it is permitted to mortals to decide, the " crown 
of life." 



12 



John Quincy Adams, son of John and Abigail 
(Smith) Adams, was born, in a house still standing in 
the near vicinity of that in which his father had been 
born, within what is now Quincy, and was then Brain- 
tree, July 11, 1767 ; and as was usual with our Puritan 
ancestors, was baptized in the meeting-house of this 
church, by its Pastor, the Reverend Anthony Wibird, 
on the day following his birth, according to the entry 
in the Church Records in Mr. Wibird's handwriting. 

The name of John Quincy, which was given to the 
infant, had been borne by the maternal great grand- 
father of Mr. Adams, a man of wealth and deserved 
consequence in the town and colony, in honor of whom 
the town of Quincy, when it was separated from the 
old town of Braintree, and made a distinct corpora- 
tion, was named, and who was dying when John 
Quincy Adams came into the world. 

This gentleman, whose residence was at Mount 
Wollaston, within the limits of the town of Quincy, 
died July 13th, 1767, in the seventy-eighth year of 
his age. He was a graduate of Harvard College, 
where (to use the words of an obituary notice which 
appeared in one* of the two papers which alone con- 
stituted the newspaper press of that period in the 
town of Boston,) '^ early in life a foundation was laid 
for his usefulness ; it was not long after he received 
the honors of this Society before he appeared in pub- 

* Boston Post-Boy. 



13 



lie life. His first appearance was in the militia ; lie 
rose from the command of a company to that of a 
regiment. He was honored with divers civil com- 
missions ; those of a common justice of the peace, a 
special justice, a justice of the quorum, and a justice 
through the Province. He was early chosen to rep- 
resent the town of Braintree, and was for a great 
number of years Speaker of the Honorable House 
of Representatives, and for many years one of his 
Majesty's Council; all which important trusts he 
discharged with fidelity, honor, and to universal ac- 
ceptance, ever approving himself a true friend to the 
interest and prosperity of the Province; a zealous 
advocate for, and vigorous defender of its liberties 
and privileges. He had a high sense of his account- 
ableness to the Supreme Governor of the world, for 
the trusts reposed in him, and studiously avoided an 
ensnaring dependency on any man, and whatever 
should tend to lay him under any disadvantage in the 
discharge of his duty. He was near forty years en- 
gaged in the service of the public. Being blessed 
with an ample fortune, he devoted his time, his facul- 
ties, and influence to the service of his country. In 
private life he was exemplary. He adorned the 
christian profession by an holy life, a strict observ- 
ance of the Lord's day, and a constant attendance 
upon the public ordinances of religion. In one 
word, he was a gentleman true to his trust, diligent 



14 



and active in public business, punctual in promises 
and appointments, just towards all men, and devout 
towards God." 

Such is the character given to the Honorable John 
Quincy by his contemporaries. And to all who en- 
joyed only common opportunities of understanding 
the qualities that were blended in the character of 
the venerable Patriot whose remains are before us, it 
must be plain, that a name and a portion of his for- 
tune were not the only inheritance which descended 
to the child who was then commencing, from the 
ancestor who was, at the same time, closing his 
earthly career. How much importance Mr. Adams 
attached, through life, to the circumstance in which a 
portion of his name originated, will appear from his 
own words, which I am allowed to quote from a letter 
addressed by him, on the subject, to a friend. 

He says ; " The house at Mount Wollaston has a 
peculiar interest to me as the dwelling of my great 
grandfather, whose name I bear. The incident which 
gave rise to this circumstance is not without its moral 
to my heart. He was dying when I was baptized ; 
and his daughter, my grandmother, present at my 
birth, requested that I might receive his name. The 
fact, recorded by my father at the time, has connected 
with that portion of my name a charm of mingled 
sensibility and devotion. It was filial tenderness that 
gave the name. It was the name of one passing from 



15 



earth to immortality. These have been among the 
strongest links of my attachment to the name of 
Quincy, and have been to me, through life, a per- 
petual admonition to do nothing unworthy of it." 

Mr. Adams's ancestors on the paternal side were 
worthy specimens of the Puritan emigrants who set- 
tled this northern portion of the American continent ; 
who had left " dear England," as they affectionately 
called their native land, only for the sake of what to 
them was still dearer, freedom of the mind and soul. 
And if we separate into distinct parts the aggregate 
of the blessings which have accrued to the world, 
from the Christian enterprise, into the wilderness, of 
those heroic men and women, who, more than two 
centuries since, ventured their all here for God and for 
posterity, it is not perhaps too much to say, that no 
richer, riper fruit has dropped from the tree of the 
Pilgrims' planting, than that which has now, alas ! 
been plucked by insatiate Death. 

Henry Adams, from whom the venerable man, lately 
deceased, traced his origin, came to New England 
early in the seventeenth century, and was probably 
here when this Christian Church was gathered, in 
1639. He was the first town clerk of Braintree ; he 
died October 8th, 1646, and was buried in the neigh- 
boring grave-yard, where the "forefathers of the hamlet 
sleep." Joseph, son of Henry Adams, died December 
6th, 1694, aged sixty-eight years. Joseph, son of 



16 



Joseph, died February 12tli, 1736, at the age of 
eighty-four years. His son, John, was a deacon of 
this ancient Church, and died May 25th, 1761, aged 
seventy years. John Adams, the second President 
of the United States, was son of the deacon of Brain- 
tree Church, and died, as is well known, on the 
fourth of July, 1826, at the advanced age of ninety- 
one years, just half a century after signing his name 
to the Declaration of Independence. So that the dis- 
tinguished individual, who has recently been removed 
from life, belonged to the fifth generation in regular 
descent from the first settlers of this part of the 
country. The epitaph placed, by the first President 
Adams, upon one of the monuments erected by him 
in honor of his ancestors, makes mention of " their 
piety, humility, simplicity, prudence, patience, tem- 
perance, frugality, industry, and perseverance f qual- 
ities which were certainly reproduced in the charac- 
ter of their illustrious descendant. 

But if the remote stock from which Mr. Adams 
sprung was favorable to his character, he was even 
more blessed in his parents. The period, too, when 
he entered into life, and the circumstances which 
existed at that particular period, would not fail to 
make upon an ingenuous nature, a deep, solemn, and 
permanent impression. The difficulties between the 
mother country and her colonies on this continent, had 
commenced, and were assuming, from day to day, a 



17 



more threatening aspect. The spirit of resistance, 
which had been awakened in the minds of the people 
by the writings and speeches of the friends of liberty, 
was fast ripening into acts of resistance. One scene 
after another of the great drama was unfolded before 
the young and wondering eyes of our departed friend. 
Blood was at length shed, and hostilities commenced. 
The father is a prominent leader in the ranks of 
one of the contending parties. He has quitted his 
family to attend upon the deliberations of the Conti- 
nental Congress. The son, left at home with his 
mother, in the neighborhood of a besieged town ; wit- 
nessing, as he did, from yonder eminence near his 
home, the flames of burning Charlestown, on the day, 
sacred in the national annals, when Warren was giv- 
ing up his life in the cause of liberty ; seeing and 
hearing, under the roof of his parents, where they 
were hospitably received, parties of volunteers who 
were on their way to join the patriot forces near Bos- 
ton, and listening to the calm and pious counsels of 
the admirable matron, to whom he delighted through 
life, to acknowledge his indebtedness, and whom he 
speaks of, in a letter to a friend, as " my almost 
adored mother ; " — the son, under these circum- 
stances, must have had kindled in his susceptible 
nature an enthusiasm which became the inward source 
of patriotic pulsations that continued through life. 
Such a childhood was a fit opening of the manhood 
and the age that followed. 



18 

Nor was it only at home that the youthful Adams 
received into his soul those impressions which formed 
the best portion of his education. 

In 1778, being then a lad in the eleventh year 
of his age, he was taken to France by his father, 
who was sent by Congress as joint commissioner with 
Benjamin Franklin and Arthur Lee, to the French 
court. The vessel in which they embarked, the frig- 
ate Boston, under the command of Captain Tucker, 
lay at anchor in Nantasket Roads, and a barge was 
sent for Mr. Adams and his son to the beach back of 
Mount Wollaston. While abroad, the son was placed 
at school, and instructed in the French and Latin 
languages. But his best school was, doubtless, the 
great world into which he was introduced, and his 
most valuable lessons, if we except the letters which 
he received from his mother, must have been derived 
from the conversations of the distinguished and excel- 
lent men to whose society he was admitted. He 
was especially fond of recalling, at the close of life, 
the delight he felt, as a boy, in listening to the 
amusing and instructive conversation of Dr. Franklin, 
who was a universal favorite with both sexes and with 
all ages. He returned home with his father the fol- 
lowing year, in the French frigate La Sensible, the 
same vessel that brought the Chevalier de La Luzerne, 
who came as Minister from France to the United 
States. They arrived in this country in August, 
1779. 



19 



After a short stay at home, the elder Adams was 
once more despatched to Europe on public business, 
and the son again accompanied his father. They 
embarked on the 14th of November, 1779, from 
Boston, in the French frigate. The vessel was leaky, 
and was obliged to put into Ferrol, a port in Spain, 
and from thence they proceeded by land to France, 
and after a few months to Holland. While they re- 
mained in Holland, the son was some time at school 
in Amsterdam, and afterwards was a student in the 
University of Leyden.* 

In 1781, John Quincy Adams, at that time only 
fourteen years of age, was placed under the care of 
the Honorable Francis Dana, who had been appointed 
Minister from the United States to Russia, and was 
taken by that gentleman, as his private secretary, to 
St. Petersburg. There he remained until October, 
1782, when he left Mr. Dana, and made the journey 
alone to Holland, passing through Sweden, Denmark, 
Hamburg, and Bremen. He arrived in Holland, 
where he joined his father, in April, 1783. He was 
in Paris when the Treaty of Peace was signed, which 
took place in September, 1783. After that impor- 



* Mr. Adams was a student at Leyden at the same time when the late Dr. 
Benjamin W^aterhouse was pursuing there his medical studies. Mi'. Adams spoke 
repeatedly of having in his possession a Latin Dictionarjr, which Dr. Waterhouse 
gave him while they resided together at Leyden, and which he seemed to value 
greatly, not only as associated with his early studies, but as the memorial of a 
friendship which commenced in youth, and was only interrupted by death 



20 



tant event, whicli closed the American Revolutionary 
war, he went over to England with his father, who 
was the first Minister from this country to the Court 
of St. James. He was present when George the Third 
announced from the British throne the termination of 
the American war ; and witnessed the admission of 
George the Fourth into the House of Lords as Duke 
of Cornwall. 

At the age of eighteen, he returned to his native 
country, and having been admitted to an advanced 
standing in Harvard College, at Cambridge, he grad- 
uated from that institution, as Bachelor of Arts, with 
high honor, in 1787. While in England, his father 
had made inquiries with a view to have him entered 
at Oxford 5 but finding that a subscription to the 
Thirty-nine Articles of the Church of England was 
indispensable, the advantages promised by a resi- 
dence at that celebrated seat of learning were con- 
scientiously relinquished. In the same conversation 
in which Mr. Adams recounted, to the author of this 
Discourse, the principal events of his life, he adverted 
to the false reasoning by which David Hartley en- 
deavored to convince his father of the propriety of 
signing those articles, and of so gaining for his son 
the privileges of an English University. The articles 
in question Avere, it seems, contained in a separate 
book from that in which the signatures were entered ; 
and this trifling circumstance was sufficient to recon- 



21 



cile the mind of such a man as Hartley to subscribing 
what he could not assent to. 

After graduating at Cambridge, Mr. Adams entered 
the office of the celebrated lawyer, Theophilus Par- 
sons, at that time a resident in Newburyport, and 
subsequently Chief Justice of this Commonwealth. 
Having devoted the usual term of three years to pre- 
paratory legal studies, he opened an office in Boston, 
where he continued in the practice of law four years, 
from 1790 to 1794. An extract from a letter written 
by him in 1828, will furnish interesting particulars 
in relation to this period of his life. He says : 

" I had long and lingering anxieties in looking 
forward, doubtful even of my prospects of comfortable 
subsistence, but acquiring more and more the means 
of it, till in the last of the four years, the business of 
my profession yielded me an income more than equal 
to my expenditures. I had, during three of the four 
years, not the slightest encouragement or expectation 
of being engaged in public life, and never was more 
surprised than when about the 1st of June, 1794, I 
received a letter from my father, then Vice-President 
at Philadelphia, informing me, that Mr. Edmund 
Randolph, Secretary of State, had called upon him to 
say, that President Washington had resolved to 
nominate me to the Senate as Minister Resident to 
the Netherlands. From that hour, with two intervals 
each of about one year, I have been devoted to the 



22 



public service. I have gone througli a succession of 
public trusts, to the greater part of which I have been 
appointed when distant thousands of miles from the 
place where the appointment was made. I say it 
not for vain boasting, but as fact and example — 
which it is my earnest desire that all my children 
should follow. I have never sought public trust. But 
public trust has always sought me. And when in- 
vested with it, I have given my whole soul to the ful- 
filment of its duties. 

" You may perhaps inquire what it was that recom- 
mended me to the notice of President Washington 
at so early a period of my life. It was the three 
numbers of Marcellus, published in the Boston Cen- 
tinel in April, 1793, and the five numbers of Colum- 
bus in the same paper, in the winter of 1793 and 
1794. They involved the discussion of interesting 
questions resorting from the Laws of Nations, and which 
at that moment were of high importance to the system 
of our public policy. My education and the previous 
course of my life had naturally turned my attention 
intensely to the Law^s of Nations ; and there were 
few persons in the country, certainly none of my 
age so conversant with them, and with the contro- 
versies arising from them as I had been. My Essays 
were, no doubt, the more satisfactory to President 
Washington, because they were devoted to the sup- 
port of his administration, and rather stemmed than 
followed the prevailing current of popular opinion." 



23 



From 1794, when Mr. Adams received, from Presi- 
dent Washington, the unsolicited appointment of Min- 
ister to the Hague, he continued in Europe on public 
business, in various countries, till 1801, being then 
recalled by his father, just before the administration 
of the elder Adams closed. When President Wash- 
ington was about to retire from office, he appointed 
Mr. Adams Minister to Portugal ; but on his way to 
Lisbon, he received intelligence that his destination 
was altered, and was instructed to repair to Berlin. 
There he continued to reside from November 1797 to 
April 1801 ; and while in that country, negotiated an 
important Treaty of Commerce with the government of 
Prussia. He also wrote his Letters upon Silesia,* the 
fruit of a tour in that Province in the latter part of 
the year 1800. These Letters were first made public 
in the Port Folio, a periodical magazine published in 
Philadelphia, and were subsequently collected in a 
volume. 

It was during this period of Mr. Adams's career, 
in 1797, that George Washington pronounced him to 
be "the most valuable public chaeacter we have 

ABROAD, AND THE ABLEST OF ALL OUR DIPLOMATIC CORPS." 

* The original publication was witlioiit the consent or loiowledge of the author, 
which accounts for the free remarks they contain upon cei'tain persons ; a freedom 
which called forth severe censure from a leading English Review. They were, 
however, liighly enough considered to be printed in England, where they were 
republished, and commended as giving " a faithful picture of the interesting Pro- 
vince of Silesia, by the hand of a gentleman, a scholar, and a statesman." They 
were also translated into French and German. 



24 



Mr. Adams, soon after his return to this country, 
in 1801, became a member of the Massachusetts 
Senate, and in 1803, from the 4th of March, took his 
seat in the Senate of the United States. This place 
in the National Councils he held, till he "became," to 
use his own words, " obnoxious to the Legislature 
of his native State, from the support which he 
gave to parts of Mr. Jefferson's administration ; " and 
in consequence, he resigned his seat in the Senate in 
March, 1808. From 1806 to 1809, he was Boylston 
Professor of Rhetoric and Oratory in Harvard Col- 
lege. He was the first to fill the chair of that im- 
portant Professorship, and in the performance of the 
duties assigned to him in that oflice, delivered lec- 
tures which were much and generally admired, and 
which were afterwards published in two volumes. 

In the summer of 1809, Mr. Adams was nominated 
a second time by President Madison, and confirmed 
as Minister to Russia, his first nomination to that em- 
bassy having been defeated in the Senate, and was 
abroad this time eight years. In Russia he was re- 
siding during Napoleon's expedition into that coun- 
try, and witnessed the enthusiasm of that people in 
opposition to the ambitious invader. On one occa- 
sion particularly he was present, during that excited 
period, when thirty thousand Russian peasants marched 
out in a body, after a most affecting leave-taking 
with their friends and relatives, to that contest from 



25 



which only about two thousand of then- number ever 
returned. 

In 1811, Mr. Adams was selected by Mr. Madison 
to fill a vacancy on the bench of the Supreme Court of 
the United States, occasioned by the death of Judge 
Gushing ; but this appointment he saw reason to 
decline. 

His diplomatic services, while at the Court of St. 
Petersburg, were of the highest value to his coun- 
try. The friendship of such a stable and powerful 
government as that of Russia, which his influence 
did very much to secure, and which has continued 
uninterrupted to the present time, has been greatly 
beneficial to the United States. One of the signal 
results of that friendship was the Emperor Alexan- 
der's offer of mediation, which availed so effectually 
towards terminating the war of 1812, and restoring 
peace between England and this country. 

Mr. Adams was in Paris when the allied armies 
entered that capital in 1815. He had been placed at 
the head of the Commissioners who negotiated at 
Ghent, in 1814, the Treaty of Peace, which put an 
end to the second war between Great Britain and the 
United States ; and soon after that important trans- 
action, he repaired to London, where he received from 
President Madison his commission as Minister Pleni- 
potentiary to the Court of St. James. In this high 
station, which, by a remarkable coincidence, his father 
4 



26 



had occupied under similar circumstances before him, 
he remained till 1817, when he was called home, to 
fill the first place in the Cabinet of President Munroe. 
He discharged the duties of Secretary of State during 
the eight successive years of Mr. Munroe's adminis- 
tration with acknowledged ability, laborious fidelity, 
and eminent success. Under his able and wise man- 
agement of the foreign affairs of the country, the 
claims on Spain were settled, the national territory 
was enlarged by the acquisition of Florida, and the 
independence of the South American republics was 
recognized. 

Before his own accession to the Presidency, there- 
fore, there had been confided to Mr. Adams a succes- 
sion of the most honorable and responsible public 
trusts, by every administration, with one exception, 
from the period of the organization of the general 
government ; and during the greater part of the 
administration of Mr. Jefferson, from whom he receiv- 
ed no appointment, he was a Senator in Congress 
from his native State. "With the splendid qualifica- 
tions that resulted from such a preparatory discipline, 
with the mature and comprehensive wisdom gathered 
on such a wide field of observation, study and action, 
with a patriotism and integrity which, amidst the 
temptations of official life, must have often been soli- 
cited, but had never been seduced, he was, in 1825, 
elevated to the head of the nation. 



27 



In what manner he filled that exalted office, impar- 
tial history, to which he ever confidently appealed, 
will record. That he had most determined opposition 
to encounter is certain. That that opposition suc- 
ceeded in his overthrow is also certain. That his 
mind, which valued highly " the praise of the wise 
and good," was bitterly sensible to the injustice he 
had experienced, his own words will help us to con- 
ceive. In a letter, written not long after he left the 
Presidency, he says : 

" One of the most pathetic and terrible passages in 
that masterpiece of Shakspeare and of the Drama, is 
that exclamation of the dying Hamlet, — 

' O God ! Horatio, what a wounded name, 
Tilings standing thus unknown, shall live behind me.' 

I cannot describe to you the thrill with which I first 
read those lines, generalizing the thought as one of 
the melancholy conditions of human life and death ; 
nor say to you how often, in the course of my long 
career, I have applied those lines to myself My 
name, conduct, and character have been many years 
open to the constant inspection of a large portion of 
the civilized world. Of that portion whose notice 
they have attracted, I am deeply conscious that the 
estimate they have formed of me has been and is 
neither just nor kind." 

But it is equally certain, that, between the time 
when the words just quoted were penned and his death. 



28 



he lived long enough to have his name vindicated. 
He continued on the stage of action till he could 
put his ear to the confessional of posterity, and hear 
much that must have gratified a mind conscious of 
high aims and patriotic endeavors. 

Having served his term of four years as President, 
and failing of being reelected, Mr. Adams retired for 
a season from public life. But his retirement was of 
brief duration ; for in 1831 he once more put on the 
harness, appeared before the country and the world in 
a new field of action, and commenced, what, on many 
accounts, may well be regarded as the most remark- 
able period of his whole career. He served ten suc- 
cessive years as Representative in Congress from the 
Twelfth Congressional District of Massachusetts, until, 
in 1841, upon a new distribution of political power, 
he was chosen to represent the Eighth District of his 
native Commonwealth. In that capacity he was serv- 
ing, when " death found him," to use the words of 
one * of his eulogists in the national senate, " at the 
post of duty ; — and where else could it have found 
him, at any stage of its career, for the fifty years of 
his illustrious public life ? " 

He was faithful unto death. 

On Monday, February 21st, in this year of Christ 
1848, while in his seat and attending as usual to his 

* Hon. Mr. Benton, of Missouri. 



29 

duties in the House, to wliicli lie belonged, he was 
seized suddenly with paralysis, which left him only 
the consciousness that it was for him " the last of 
EARTH." He remained in an insensible state till 
Wednesday, February 23d, at seven o'clock, afternoon, 
when, in the eighty-first year of his age, the spirit 
which had so long animated his mortal frame passed 
away. 

" He gave his honors to the world again, 

" His blessed part to heaven, and slept in peace." — 

" And to add greater honors to liis age, 

" Than man could give liim, he died, fearing God." 

Mr. Adams must be pronounced happy in the cir- 
cumstances of his death, as his course through life 
had been marked and glorious. No excesses of a 
profligate youth, no vices of middle life had shattered 
and hurried to a premature dissolution the body in 
which such an incorruptible spirit resided. Nothing 
in his habits of life interfered with Nature, to whose 
gentle influences it was left to destroy gradually, and 
to restore, in a good old age, to its parent dust, the 
perishable part of our friend. The law of mortal- 
ity, which knows no exception among the passing 
generations of our race, was executed in his case with 
as much tenderness and reserve, so to speak, as is 
ever permitted by Providence. The Angel of death 
came to him, a year before his departure, with a sum- 
mons, which seemed to anxious friends to be per- 
emptory and final. But we can imagine an expres- 



30 

sion of reluctance in the angel's face, as she turned 
away and kindly said, Not yet. And there is reason 
to believe, that the year which was thus spared to the 
venerable Patriot has been a happy one. It was, in 
fact, the Indian summer of his life. 

He was not left to be an object of compassion to 
friends and admirers. No painful contrasts forced 
them to revert in memory to better days. But with 
a mind unimpaired ; with an interest in life unabated ; 
with a cheerful relish of the same simple pleasures 
that he had ever enjoyed ; with a self-command which 
protracted sickness had not destroyed ; with a heart 
still warm and open to the impressions of nature and 
the universe; with an eye that still ranged with 
delight through the starry spaces, or watched the 
intricate and intervolved orbits of men's passions and 
opinions on the nearer theatre of political, social, and 
religious life upon the earth ; on the chosen field of 
his labors ; in the place where his best services to his 
country had been rendered, and his noblest triumphs 
had been won ; ministered to by the representatives 
of the nation, from North, South, East, and West, he 
passed to his rest. The Angel of death, Avhen she 
came again to execute her ofhce, left him only the 
consciousness that it was " the last of earth ; " then 
drew a veil of oblivion over his faculties, and sat beside 
his couch two days, before the cord that bound him 
to this world was severed. 



31 

An Englisli poet makes the first man ask of the 
angel, who is supposed to foreshow the future condi- 
tion and destiny of his race, with regard to death j 

Adam. " Is there no smooth descent ? no painless way 
Of kindly mixing with our native clay ? " 

And the angel is represented as replying : 

Eapkael. " There is —but rarely shall that path be trod, 
Which, without horror, leads to death's abode. 
Some few, by temperance taught, approaching slow, 
To distant fate, by easy journeys go ; 
Gently they lay them down, as evem'ng sheep 
On their own woolly fleeces softly sleep." 

It pleased Almighty God that our departed friend and 
fellow-christian should be one of the favored few. 

" Of no distemper, of no blast he died. 
But fell like autumn fruit that mellowed long." 

I shall not presume, on this occasion, to judge of 
the character of Mr. Adams, or to settle his claims as 
a scholar, a statesman, or a philosopher. I leave that 
task to others more competent for the office. The 
same principle which governs in criminal trials should 
also be adopted in judging of merit, absolute or rela- 
tive, in any of the great departments of theoretical or 
practical life. Let a man be tried by his peers. To 
his peers, if they can be found, I leave the departed. 
The remainder of the discourse shall be devoted to 
the humbler work of pointing out certain obvious 



32 

•features in his life, and in drawing from that life 
some of the christian lessons which it is so well 
adapted to inculcate and enforce. 

And I think no one will dissent from the statement 
that the life wliich has recently been closed was an 
eminently useful life. Mr. Adams has not lived for 
himself. His great powers; his affluent resources; 
his abundant learning ; his memory, which held with 
a tenacious grasp whatever had once passed into the 
treasury of his mind ; his commanding influence be- 
yond, probably, what any individual among his con- 
temporary countrymen has ever exercised over public 
opinion ; his dreaded controversial skill, which, like 
the mill-stone in Scripture, was fatal alike to those on 
whom it fell, and to those who fell upon it ; the nume- 
rous offices which he has filled, from the time when, as 
a lad, he went to St. Petersburg as private Secretary 
to the Minister to that Court, through more than fifty 
years of public service abroad and at home, down to 
the very moment of his death; — all these gifts, 
native and acquired, have been used by him to pro- 
mote the welfare of his country and of mankind. He 
has been, what the Scripture declares the good magis- 
trate to be, "a minister of God for good" to his native 
land. In peace and in war ; in foreign courts contend- 
ing against the insolence of power, and threading the 
labyrinth of political intrigue; in forming] treaties 
upon which the fortunes and lives of thousands de- 



13 



pended ; in adjusting territorial boundaries, and nego- 
tiating for an extension of our national domain ; in 
guiding the ship of state, often amidst shoals and 
rocks and with a crew half disposed to mutiny ; in 
maturing and carrying into execution, so far as he 
was allowed to do it, a wise prospective national 
policy ; in efforts to promote the cause of education, of 
science, of freedom, of morals, of religion ; — he has 
lived for others ; he has laid upon the altar of his 
country and his God his exalted talents. And this 
trait in his character is to be in a great measure 
traced to the counsels of that admirable mother, that 
more than Roman, that Christian matron, who stamp- 
ed upon his impressible mind the image of her own 
virtues, and who charged him, from a child, to conse- 
crate his faculties to his country and to his Creator. 
And it adds to our estimate of his usefuhiess, that 
he united, which is rarely done, a life of contempla- 
tion and a life of action. He studied principles in 
the abstract, as they are collected, systematized and 
explained in books ; and he was also perfectly familiar 
with the world's business. He was profound in the 
one, and skilful, sagacious, methodical in the other. 
He had investigated that ideal truth, which philoso- 
phers in every age have sought for in their reasonings 
or in their dreams ; and he was acquainted too with 
truth, as it presents itself to the practical man, who 
is called to do a portion of the work of life, not in 

5 



34 



the best way he can imagine it might and should he 
done, hut in the only way it can be done amidst the 
passions of society. 

In this particular Mr. Adams illustrated, in his own 
character, the remark of Lord Bacon, that " knowledge 
is never so dignified and exalted, as when contempla- 
tion and action are nearly and strongly conjoined 
together." The man of mere learning, who employs 
his days and nights in amassing the ideas of others, 
may overload his own intellect, and bring nothing to 
pass. His habit of abstract study, of generalization, 
removes him out of the real world, makes him a 
companion of shadows, blinds him to the actual exi- 
gencies of life, and unfits him for a useful, energetic, 
and successful exercise and application of his powers. 
Mr. Adams was not encumbered by any such useless 
idealism, although a remarkably learned man. lie 
had been educated not in the closet alone, but among 
men, and in the midst of affairs. He went into the 
world with book in hand, and was thus able to correct 
his speculations by observation and experience. To 
borrow the words of one * who offered, on the floor of 
Congress, a most eloquent tribute to his memory, " his 
was not the dreamy life of the schools ; but he leaped 
into the arena of activity, to run a career of glorious 
emulation with the gifted spirits of the earth." 

But if it is true that Mr. Adams was not a mere man 

* Hon. Mr. Holmes, of South Carolina. 



35 



of learning, it is equally true and worthy of notice, that 
he was not a mere man of action and official routine. 
He did not reduce life to a mechanical performance 
of a certain amount of hand-work. It is a part of 
Ms glory that he carried principles and especially 
moral principles into public life. He did not adopt 
the mischievous maxim, that " in politics, all is fair." 
He did not allow himself to do whatever popular sen- 
timent, often quite lax in regard to men's public con- 
duct, will permit or wink at. His morality was not 
the morality of expediency. He was not content with 
institutions and usages merely because they were 
established. He would bring them all to the standard 
of Christian right, of justice, of absolute truth, of 
God's law. To him belongs the high distinction of a 
Christian statesman. 

Who, it may safely be demanded, among the public 
men of our country and times, so worthy to be held 
up as a model before the youth of the land ? Shall 
we go back to buried ages and to Pagan history, in 
search of an ideal model of the true statesman, when 
we have had among us one, upon whom death has but 
just laid his icy hand, greater, purer, better than pagan 
antiquity can boast ? Mr. Adams's character is no 
exotic ; it is the genuine growth and product of the 
North American soil, composed of elements indigen- 
ous to that soil, blending in one harmonious and glori- 
ous whole those virtues which can alone give strength, 



36 



permanence, grace to the Republic. Let young Amer- 
ica be fashioned and moulded by this noble pattern. 
Let the fresh generation that is coming on to serve 
their country, to occupy her high posts of honor, to go 
on her errands to other lands, or to execute her laws 
at home, study his character, emulate his pure fame, 
adopt his principles, drink in, from his fulness, the 
spirit of truth, liberty and virtue, which was the 
breath of his life. Then will the Republic be safe. 
Then shall our country fulfil the high and glorious 
destiny to which an almighty Providence invites her. 
It is, above all, satisfactory to be assured that our 
venerated friend was, from personal study and from 
sincere conviction, a Christian believer. We in this 
place rejoice to think of him as a brother in the 
Lord. Mr. Adams was eminently a religious man. 
The best elements of New England Puritanism were 
blended in his nature, while, at the same time, the 
harshness of Puritanism was softened, and its narrow- 
ness was enlarged and liberalized. His constant 
attendance upon public worship, with which all are 
familiar; his exemplary observance of the Christian 
Sabbath, and liis readiness to join with others in 
efforts to promote a better general observance of the 
day, by all classes in the community ; his diligent 
daily study of, and familiar acquaintance with, the 
Holy Scriptures ; his deep reverence for sacred things ; 
his high estimate of faith as the basis of the Clnistian 



37 



life ; his sense of the efficacy of prayer ; his exalted 
idea of the person, mission, and offices of the Savior ; 
his conviction of the need of spiritual influences ; — 
all bear testimony to the religious character of his 
mind. 

I hope I do not offend the dead when I say, that 
my own mind has never been more solemnly im- 
pressed than when, on a visit to him to inquire for 
the health of one of his family, he requested me to 
go with him to his private room, and unite in prayer. 
The memory of that scene, as we bowed together in 
supplication, in behalf of the child then dying under 
his roof, will, I am sure, never be eifaced from my 
mind, but will perpetuate the conviction, which was 
then, if not created, strengthened, of the simple, 
genuine piety of the man. 

In 1826, while he was President of the United 
States, Mr. Adams united himself to this Church, to 
which his ancestors, from the first settlement of the 
country, had, in their day and generation, belonged ; 
and to his death, he was a true friend of this religious 
society, and a consistent, exemplary member of our 
Christian communion. Eighty-one years have elapsed 
since he was brought, an unconscious infant, to the 
font of this ancient church, to be baptized by a pastor 
of foimer days. Once again we see him brought 
hither, but alas ! more unconscious still, before he 
shall be gathered to his fithers. He has passed within 



38 



tlie veil. His spirit has returned to God who gave 
it. To use his OAvn beautiful words, when speaking 
of himself in connection with a venerable contem- 
porary* still among the living, " Like birds of passage, 
he has winged his flight to a more genial clime." 

We shall miss him, we know not yet how much. 
But his memory remains with us, — that we will 
cherish. His noble and useful life remains, — that 
we will study. His Christian example survives, — 
that we will endeavor to imitate. 

I cannot bring to a close the remarks suggested 
by this occasion, without claiming the privilege, and 
performing the duty, of which this seems to be the 
fitting time, if only the organ of its performance 
were fit also, of addressing a few words to the large 
Committee, who have been charged, by the Chamber 
to which the venerated dead belonged, to accompany 
his remains to the place of interment. 

Gentlemen, RErRESENTATivES of the Nation, your 
mission has been a mournful, and yet a glorious one. 
And I venture to say that in no stage of your pro- 
gress to this place, where, at the grave of Adams, 
your mission closes, have you met with aught but 
the most accordant sympathy. You bring us our 
friend, not as we could have wished he should return 
to the scenes so familiar and dear to his heart. But 

* Hon. Albert Gallatin. 



39 



the all-wise Providence of Heaven has ordained it to 
be thus ; and we will not murmur against God. The 
Savior's words to his chief apostle were, " When thou 
wast young, thou girdedst thyself, and walkedst 
whither thou wouldest ; but when thou shalt be old, 
another shall gird thee, and carry thee whither thou 
wouldest not." These sadly prophetic words of the 
Blessed One, although originally intended to " signify 
what manner of death his apostle should die," and 
therefore not, in that primary sense, applicable to 
him who lies insensible before us, are yet, when used 
in a general sense, strikingly descriptive of the con- 
trast between strong and self-sustained youth, and 
the utter helplessness to which the strongest are sure 
to be reduced at last. 

There is a sacredness attached. Gentlemen, by the 
imagination, to your errand. You come, like Joseph 
and his brethren, the twelve tribes of Israel, to bury 
one of the Fathers of the land in the grave which he 
had prepared for himself, among his own people, in 
this north country. We receive, with profound sen- 
sibility, these sacred relics from your hands. We 
thank you for your labor of love. In the name, first 
and foremost, of the little band of Christian brothers 
and sisters to whom this departed servant of the Re- 
public was united in full Church Communion, ac- 
cording to the usages of our Congregational Churches ; 
in the name of the religious Society of which our 



40 



friend was a member, and with whom he as constantly 
and punctually worshiped, in the seat now vacant, 
as you know his attendance to have been punctual 
and constant in the House to which you belong ; in 
the name of the inhabitants of this town, the place 
of his nativity ; of his immediate constituents, many 
of whom are around you ; of the citizens of his own 
State of Massachusetts, represented, on this occasion, 
not only by the Executive and Legislative branches 
of her government, but by this vast throng of her 
people ; — I presume to speak, and beg you to accept, 
through even so humble an instrument, the gratitude 
which all hearts feel, for the love and respect which 
you have manifested for one so dear and venerable to 
us all. From each State and Territory of our glorious 
Union, you have gathered here on this occasion, as 
if to fulfil, to the letter, the language of one* with 
whom you are associated in public duties. " It is not 
for Massachusetts to mourn alone. Her sister com- 
monwealths gather to her side in this hour of her 
affliction, and, intertwining their arms with hers, they 
bend together over the bier of her illustrious son." 

Your hearts. Gentlemen, will not, I am sure, fail to 
be open to the influences which this place, with all 
its local associations, is suited to convey. Within a 
short distance from you is the spot where John Han- 
cock, the son of a former minister of this Congrega- 

* Hon. Mr. McDowell, of Virginia. 



41 



tional Church, first saw the light. In the neighboring 
grave-yarcl, where you are soon to leave your precious 
charge, may be seen the tomb and monument of 
Josiah Quincy, Jr., who lived only long enough to 
witness the breaking dawn of our nation's day. In 
the pews where you sit, you see, in the book used 
by us in our Christian devotions, hymns composed by 
our departed fellow-christian. He who had occupied 
the throne of the people was, like the Hebrew mon- 
arch, also a Psalmist in our Israel. About a mile 
distant, to the south, from the place where we are 
assembled, may be seen two simple and modest build- 
ings, standing in near vicinity, side by side, in one 
of which John Adams and in the other John Quincy 
Adams, two Presidents of the United States, were 
born. As you entered this Temple, you passed over 
the sleeping dust of the parents of him whom you 
have come to lay by their side. To the east, at a 
little distance, is the ridge, familiarly called Mount 
WoUaston, from the shore beyond which the elder 
Adams, then in the maturity of life, with his son, a 
lad of eleven years, embarked on his first mission, to 
solicit foreign aid in establishing the independence 
of our country. 

Seventy years have elapsed since that point of 
time. But what miracles of beneficent and glorious^ 
social and political change have been wrought in 
that interval ! When the friend, whom we are assem- 



42 

bled to bury, embarked with his father -from Mount 
WoUaston, what was his country ? Had he a coun- 
try ? The inscription on this coffin-lid, so simple, so 
comprehensive, answers the questions. He was " born 
an inhabitant of Massachusetts." How is it now? 
"He died a citizen of the United States." What a 
creation has been effected in that interval of seventy 
years ! What an empire has the departed Patriot 
witnessed, springing into life, and " rejoicing like a 
strong man to run a race ! " 

AVhen the career of the illustrious dead commenced, 
what interest, I pray you, had the inhabitants of this 
region in your mighty Mississippi, which, now rolls 
its majestic tide between States ? It belonged then 
to the countrymen of de Soto and Cortes. The 
beautiful Ohio was but the pathway for Canadian 
boatmen on their passage to the Gulf No Anglo-Saxon 
settlement had as yet been made on the banks of 
the Ouisconsin. The florid regions of our extreme 
South were almost as unknown and romantic a ter- 
ritory, as when Juan Ponce de Leon sought there for 
the fountain that was to restore to his veteran limbs 
the freshness and vigor of youth. The vast prairies 
of the West, where towns and cities may now be 
seen, were then but wildernesses of verdure, the 
parks of Nature where the red nobles of the 
land hunted their game. The shores of the Pacific, 
which we have recently been surveying with our 



43 



battle-ships and war-parties, and where we are now 
busy drawing the line of our Western frontier, were 
almost as much a terra incognita to the American 
colonists as the whole Western Continent was to 
Columbus before his discovery. Only thirteen colo- 
nies, scattered along this Atlantic coast, comprised 
the territory possessed by Englishmen. What a mar- 
vellous change to have been effected in the course of 
a single life ! When we attempt to conceive of what 
we know to have been accomplished, it seems as if 
the Muse of history had resigned her office to the 
Muse of poetry. Seventy years ago, the youth de- 
parts from these shores in the cause of a country 
which had yet hardly a name to live among the na- 
tions of the earth. And to-day you come hither, the 
representatives of twenty-nine Commonwealths, be- 
longing to an Empire Union, to convey the remains 
of that boy without a country to his tomb in the 
midst of twenty millions of freemen. Where in his- 
tory can you find so glorious a destiny assigned to a 
single life ? Where in the range of fiction a more 
splendid series of marvels, brought within the ex- 
perience of imaginary heroes ? 

You will not fail. Gentlemen, to carry with you 
to your distant homes, the lessons which this occasion, 
with its associated thoughts, however poorly ex- 
pressed by me, must teach. Will you allow me, in 
parting, to say, that the chief lesson is a religious one, — 



44 



" Be thou faithful unto death ; and I will give thee a 
crown of life." 

The duties of this occasion are nearly completed. 
When one more hymn shall have been chanted, let 
us rise up, and take these remains of the patriarch, 
and bury him with his fathers. There may he rest 
in peace till the resurrection at the last day. 

In the name of the Father, and of the Son, and 
OF the PIoly Spirit. Amen. 



APPENDIX 



PROCEEDINGS OF A MEETING EST QUINCY. 

At a meeting of the citizens of the to\vn of Quinoy, holden Febraary 28, 1S48, for 
the purpose of adopting such measures as might be deemed proper to testify their 
respect to the memory of their late distinguished townsman, the Honorable John 
QuiNCY Adaivis ; — 

The meeting was organized by the choice of Hon. Thomas 
Greenleaf as Chairman, and Israel W. Munroe as Secretary. 

A Committee was chosen, consisting of Hon. Thomas Green- 
leaf, Noah Curtis Esq., and the Selectmen, viz. : Daniel Baxter, 
B. B. Newcomb and Seth Spear, to prepare Resolves for the 
consideration of the meeting ; who, subsequently, reported the 
following resolutions, which were unanimously adopted : 

Whereas, it has pleased Divine Providence to remove from 
this life the Hon. John Quincy Adams, while engaged in the 
discharge of his duties, as a Representative in the Congress of 
the United States, from the Eighth Congressional District of 
Massachusetts, — 

, Therefore, Resolved, That the inhabitants of the town of 
Quincy, in common with the whole country, mourn the loss of 
one of the ablest, wisest and most virtuous statesmen of modern 



46 



times ; — a Patriot, wlio lias stood bj his country in peace and 
in Avar, and who has guarded her interests at home and abroad ; 
a scholar of the most varied attainments ; an orator of siirpass- 
ing eloquence ; a friend and advocate of truth, freedom and 
justice ; a man of unbending integrity in public and private 
life ; and above all, a Christian, Avho, in the greatest press of 
official cares, never forgot or omitted his duties to God. 

Resolved^ That in reviewing Mr. Adams's long career, we 
are specially impressed by the eminent usefulness of his life, 
and by the vast amount of service which he has rendered to 
his country and to the world ; and that we regard this as a 
better title to a " perpetual memory," than the numerous offices 
which he so ably filled, or the honors so freely bestowed upon 
him by his admiring countrymen. 

Resolved, That while, as Americans, we unite with all por- 
tions of the country in honoring the memory of one who con- 
secrated his great powers to the service of the whole country, 
we esteem it a privilege to have been allowed, as his constituents, 
his fellow-townsmen and his neighbors, to stand in close rela- 
tions to him ; and that we take a just pride, as inhabitants of 
his native place, in having it said, in the language of the Scrip- 
tures, " that this man was born there." 

Resolved, That since it is not permitted us to welcome back 
the living patriot to scenes familiar and dear to him, therefore 
a committee of twenty be appointed, whose duty it shall be, in 
behalf of the inhabitants of this town, to receive, whenever 
they shall arrive here, the remains of our venerated fellow- 
townsman, and to make all suitable arrangements, in deference 
to the wishes of the bereaved family, for their interment. 

Resolved, That a copy of these resolutions be immediately 
transmitted to the family of the deceased Ex-President Adams, 
with assurances of the most respectful sympathy for the loss 
they have sustained. 



47 

The foUoAving gentlemen compose the Committee appointed to 
make all suitable arrangements for attendmg the funeral, viz. : 

Thomas Greenleaf, Noah Curtis, Josiah Brigham, George 
W. Beale, James Newcomb, Samuel A. Davis, William S. 
Morton, Lemuel Brackett, George Baxter, John Savil, Henry 
Wood, Lysander Richards, William B. Duggan, Lewis Bass, 
John T. Burrill, Daniel Baxter, Bryant B. Newcomb, Seth 
Spear, Orange Clark, Josiah Bass. 

Voted, That the proceedings of tliis meeting be entered in 
the Tomi Records ; and also published in the newspapers. 

Thomas Greenleaf, Chairman. 

Israel W. Munroe, Secretary/. 



FUNERAL ceremonies. 

Ox Saturday, March 11th, the remains of Ex-President 
Adams were taken, in the forenoon, from Faneuil Hall, and 
conveyed to the Depot, in Boston, of the Old Colony Railroad. 

The Mayor of the city of Boston, Hon. Josiah Quincy, Jr., 
then formally consigned the body to the care of the Committee 
of Arrangements of the town of Quincy, who were waitmg to 
receive it. On the arrival of the train that conveyed the body 
at the Depot in Quincy, a national salute was fired from Presi- 
dent's Hill, so called from its having belonged to two Presidents 
of the United States. The body was carried from the Depot 
to the venerable mansion of Mr. Adams, where it remained 
until the procession to the church was formed in the foUowmg 

order : 

division I. 

Military Escort. 

Aids. Cliief Marshal, John L. Dimmock. Aids. 

Citizens of Quincy. 

Marshal. Officiatmg Clergyman. Marshal. 



48 



Marshals. 



Marshals. 






Committee of Arrangements. 
Pall Bearers. CORPSE. Pall Bearers. \ Marshals. 

Family and Relatives. ; 

I Congressional Committee of the House \ -.r , , 
of Representatives. ] 



Marshal. 



Marshals. 



• Marshal. 



Marshals. 



Marshals. 



■ Marshals. 



DIVISION II. 

Sheriff of the County of Norfolk. 
Governor and Suite. 
Lt. Governor and Executive Council- 
Secretary of State and Treasurer. 
President of the Senate and Speaker 
of the House of Representatives. 

Members of the Senate. 
Members of the House of Represen- 
tatives. 
Members and past Members of Congress. 
Judges and other Officers of the United 

States and State Courts. 

President and other Officers of Harvard 

University. 

DIVISION in. 

Marshal. Municipal Officers of Quincy. Marshal. 

Marshals, j ^^^^^^^ '^ *^^ ^]']-^ '^ ^"^'^ ^^^ I Marshals. 
( vicinity. ) 

Officers of the Army and Navy, and] 

United States Civil Officers. 

Officers of the Massachusetts INIihtia. 

Corporation of the City of Boston. 

Corporation of the City of Roxbury. 

Delegates of the several towns in the i 

Eighth Congressional District. 



Marshals. 



Marshals. 



Marshals. 



Marshals. 



49 



Societies of Avkich the deceased was a 

Marshals. <^ member. > Marshals. 

Strangers and citizens generally. 



The Committee, charged by Congress to accompany the 
remains of their late associate to the place of interment, and 
who were present in Quincy on the day of the funeral, were as 
follows : 



Hon. Mr. Tallmadge, 
" Mr. Hammons, 
Mr. Wilson, 
Mr. Collamer, 
Mr. Ashmun, 
Mr. Thurston, 
Mr. Rockwell, 
Mr. Newell, 
Mr. McHvaine, 
Mr. Houston, 
Mr. Ligon, 
Mr. Meade, 
Mr. Barringer, 
Mr. Holmes, 
Mr. Lumpkin, 
Mr. Hilliard, 
Mr. Brown, 
Mr. Morse, 
Mr. Edwards, 
Mr. French, 
Mr. Gentry, 
Mr. Smith, 
Mr. Wentworth, 
Mr. Phelps, 
Mr. Johnson, 
7 



C( 



a 



(( 



a 



a 



a 



a 



a 



a 



a 



a 



a 



a 



li 



ii 



a 



a 



a 



it 



a 



a 



a 



a 



of New York, CJiai7'man. 
Maine. 

New Hampshire. 
Vermont. 
Massachusetts. 
Rhode Island. 
Comiecticut. 
New Jersey. 
Pennsylvania. 
Delaware. 
Maryland. 
Virginia. 
North Carolina. 
South Carolina. 
Georgia. 
Alabama. 
Mississippi. 
Louisiana. 
Ohio. 

Kentucky. 
Tennessee. 
Indiana. 
Illinois. 
Missouri. 
Arkansas. 



50 

Hon. Mr. Bingham, of Michigan. 
" Mr. Cabell, Florida. 

" Mr. Kaufman, Texas. 

" Mr. Thompson, Iowa. 

" Mr. Tweedy, Wisconsin Territory. 

The Mayor of Washington, Mr. Seaton, also was present, 
and represented the district of Columbia. On the arrival of 
the procession at the church, the Services were conducted in 
the following order : 

I. Voluntary on the ORaAN. 
II. Hymn. J. Shirley, altered. [From Christian Psalter. 



1 The glories of our birth and state 

Are shadows, not substantial things ; 
There is no armor against fate ; 
Death lays his icy hands on kings. 

2 Princes and magistrates must fall. 

And in the dust be equal made. 
The high and mighty with the small. 

Sceptre and crown with scythe and spade. 

3 The garlands wither on your brow ; 

Then boast no more your mighty deeds : 
Upon death's purple altar now 

See where the victor victim bleeds ! 

4 All heads must come to the cold tomb : 

Only the actions of the just 
Preserve in death a rich perfume. 
Smell sweet and blossom in the dust. 



51 



III. Selections from the Scriptures. 

IV. Prayer. 

Almighty God, and most merciful Father — we rejoice that 
in Thee we have a sure refuge in every time of trouble and 
sorrow. And that we can look through the clouds that sur- 
round us in this vale of tears, and from the shadow of death 
even, and behold thy face smiling upon us with Parental Love. 
Thou doest thy whole pleasure in the armies of heaven, and 
among the inhabitants of the earth ; and none can stay thy 
hand, or say unto thee, what doest Thou. We would not stay 
Thy hand, God, if we could ; for we know that it is ever 
lifted and outstretched for our good. Nor would we question 
the rectitude and mercifulness of Thy appointments ; for we 
are assured that all that takes place is ordered for our good. 

We desu-e to be sensible, on this solemn occasion, how vain 
a thing our life on the earth is. Surely man that is born of 
a woman is of a few days and full of trouble. He cometh 
forth as a flower and is cut down ; he fleeth also as a shadow 
and continueth not. Thou takest away one in the morning of 
life, when his leaf is green, and his promise is great. Thou 
removest another in the midst of his days and usefulness. And 
thou sparest another still to a good old age, so that he cometh 
unto his grave, like a shock of corn, fully ripe and in his 
season. And seeing we are surrounded by these evidences of 
our frailty and mortality, wherein God, is our hope ? Our 
hope is in Thee, who changest not. One generation of our 
feeble race passeth away, and another generation cometh. 
But Thou art the same from everlasting to everlasting. We 
rejoice and thank Thee, merciful God, that in the Gospel of 
Jesus Christ we have a sure ground of confidence and hope. 
We thank Thee that thou hast sent on earth the Son of Thy love, 



52 



to unfold unto us the principles of the Divine law ; to bear in his 
own person our infirmities and sorrows ; to teach us how to live 
and how to die ; and to open to us, hj his death and resurrec- 
tion, the door of an everlasting hfe beyond the grave. We know 
and are assured bj him, that although this earthly house in 
which we now dwell, may decay and perish in the dust, we 
have a building of God, an house not made with hands, eternal 
in the heavens. We would comfort one another's hearts, on 
this occasion, with these precious hopes and promises. 

We acknowledge, heavenly Father, the dispensation of thy 
Providence, which has called us together at this time. It hath 
pleased thee, God, with whom are the issues of life and 
death, to remove from life one who has long stood in the high 
places of the land, a counsellor and leader unto tliis people. 
Thou hast changed his countenance. His body, which was 
perishable, is now about to be committed to the ground ; and 
his immortal spirit has already returned unto God who gave it. 
We trust that he has been accepted through the mercy of that 
Gospel upon which he rehed ; and that his disembodied spirit 
has already heard the approving sentence, — well done, good 
and faithful servant ; enter into the joy of thy Lord. We 
thank God, that thy messenger of death found him, and that 
the last of earth of which he was conscious was spent, in the 
midst of the discharge of his duties. 

Almighty God, from whom cometh all consolation, we sup- 
plicate thy blessing upon those whose hearts have been most 
nearly touched and affected by this Providence ; upon her, 
from whom Thou hast removed her chosen companion through 
the trials of many years ; upon those who looked up to thy 
departed servant with fihal tenderness and veneration ; and 
upon all who were connected with him by the ties of kindred 
and affection. Will the Lord be gracious unto them ? Will 
the Lord lift upon them the light of his countenance, and give 



53 



them that peace which the world cannot give, and which the 
world cannot take away ? 

Almighty Father, whose gracious design it is that all events 
shall be improved by thy children for their instruction, we be- 
seech thee to sanctify this Providence to this ancient Church 
of Christ, with which thy departed servant was so long con- 
nected in the bonds of Christian fellowship ; to the religious 
Society with whom he so many years worshiped the God of 
his fathers ; to his neighbors and friends the inliabitants of this 
town, the place of his nativity ; to his constituents, whose in- 
terests he so faithfully served ; to the State which rejoiced to 
number him among her sons ; and to the associated Common- 
wealths, represented on this occasion, w^hich acknowledged and 
honored him as a leader of this whole people, in the days that 
are gone. And grant, that the lessons of truth, of integrity, 
of patriotism, of Christian fidelity, which were taught in his 
life and in his death, may be deeply impressed upon all hearts. 

Almighty Father, who dost employ, in thy Providence, fit 
agents, to execute the work which it is thy pleasure should be 
done in the world, — raise up, we beseech thee, and send forth 
those who shall fill the places of the great and good who are 
passing from the midst of us, and grant that they may prosper 
in the work whereunto they are sent. 

We commend to thee. Almighty God, our beloved coun- 
try. Rule in the hearts of our rulers. Give unto them that 
wisdom which is profitable to direct, and inspire them with that 
fear of thee which casteth out all other fear. 

We beseech thee, God, to pardon our sins, and to accept 
us in our devotions, for the sake of thy Infinite mercy in Christ. 

And now that we are about to commit these remains to the 
ground, dust to dust, and ashes to ashes, we desire to do it, 
with a firm faith in the resurrection of the dead by Jesus 
Christ, and in the confident assurance that neither death nor 



54 

life, nor angels, nor principalities, nor things present, nor things 
to come, nor height, nor depth, nor any other creature will be 
able to separate us from the love of God, which is in Christ 
Jesus our Lord. In his name we come unto Thee, and through 
him, offer unto Thee everlasting praises. Amen. 

V. Hymn. John Q. Adams. [From Christian Psalter. 

1 Lord of all worlds, let thanks and praise 

To thee forever fill mj soul ; 
With blessings thou hast crowned my days, — 

My heart, my head, my hand control : 
0, let no vain presumption rise, 

No impious murmur in my heart, 
To crave the boon thy will denies. 

Or shrink from ill thy hands impart. 

2 Thy child am I, and not an hour, 

Revolving in the orbs above. 
But brings some token of thy power, 

But brings some token of thy love : 
And shall this bosom dare repine, 

In darkness dare deny the dawn. 
Or spurn the treasures of the mine, 

Because one diamond is withdrawn ? 

3 The fool denies, the fool alone. 

Thy being. Lord, and boundless might. 
Denies the firmament, thy throne. 

Denies the sun's meridian fight ; 
Denies the fashion of Ins frame. 

The voice he hears, the breath he draws ; 
idiot atheist ! to proclaim 

Effects unnumbered without cause ! 



55 



4 Matter and mind, mysterious one, 

Are man's for threescore years and ten ; 
Where, ere the thread of hfe was spun ? 

Where, when reduced to dust again ? 
All-seeing God, the doubt suppress ; 

The doubt thou only canst relieve ; 
My soul thy Savior-Son shall bless, 

Fly to thy gospel, and beheve. 

VI. Discourse. 

VII. Funeral Anthem. 
Vital spark of heavenly flame. 

Immediately after the services in the church were concluded^ 
the procession was re-formed, and proceeded to the burying- 
ground, where the body was laid in the family tomb. 



MONUMENTS IN HONOR OF MR. ADAMS'S ANCESTORS, (p. 15.) 

In the burying ground in Qmney are four Monuments, erected 
by President John Adams in honor of his ancestors. They 
are solid, simple structures of granite, bearing the following in- 
scriptions : 

I. 

IN MEMOET OF 

HENRY ADAMS, 

Who took his flight from the Dragon persecution iu Devonsliire, in England, and alighted 
with eight sons, near Mount WoUaston. One of tlie sons returned to England ; and 
after taking time to explore < the Country, four removed to Medfield and the neigh- 
boring towns ; two to Chehnsford. One only, Joseph, who lies here at liis left hand, 
remained here, who was an original proprietor in the Township of Braintree, in- 
corporated in the year 1639. 

This stone and several others have been placed in this yard, by a great-great- 
grandson, from a veneration of the piety, humility, sunplicity, prudence, patience, 
temperance, frugality, industry and perseverance of his ancestors, in hopes of recom- 
mending an imitation of their virtues to their posterity. 



56 



n. 

Dedicated 

to the memory of 

JOSEPH ADAMS Senior, 

who died December 6, 1694, 

and of ABIGAIL, liis wife, 

whose first name was 

Baxter, who died August 27, 

1692, by a great-grandson, 

in 1817. 



m. 

In memory of 

JOSEPH ADAMS, son of 

Joseph Senior and grandson of 

Henry; and of HANNAH liis wife, 

whose maiden name was 

Bass, a daughter of 

Thomas Bass and Ruth Alden ; 

parents of John Adams, 

and grand parents 

of the lawyer 

JOHN ADAMS. 

Erected December, 1823. 



IV. 

Sacred 

to the memory of 

MR. JOHN ADAMS, 

who died 

May 25, A. D. 1761, 

aged 70, 

and 

of SUSANNA his Consort, 

born Boylston, 

who died April 17, A D. 1797, 

aged 88. 

The sweet remembrance of the just 
Shall flourish when tliey sleep in dust. 



57 



MR. ADAMS'S ADMINISTRATION, (p. 27.) 

In a letter to a friend, under date of February 2, 1837, 
Mr. Adams, alluding to the time when he held the office of 
President of the United States, says : 

" The great effort of my administration was to mature into 
a permanent and regular system the application of all the 
superfluous revenue of the Union to internal improvement — 
improvement which, at this day, would have afforded high 
wages and constant employment to hundreds of thousands of 
laborers, and in which every dollar expended would have 
repaid itself fourfold in the enhanced value of the public 
lands. With this system, in ten years from this day, the sur- 
face of the whole Union would have been checkered over with 
railroads and canals. It may still be done, half a century 
later, and with the limping gait of State legislation and private 
adventure. I would have done it in the administration of the 
affairs of the nation. I had laid the foundation of it all by a 
resolution offered to the Senate of the United States, in 1806, 
and adopted by that body under anotlier's name, (the journals 
of the senate are my vouchers.) It called forth the first re- 
port of Albert Gallatin, then Secretary of the Treasury, upon 
internal improvement." 



TRAIT m MR. ADAMS'S CHARACTER, (p. 33.) 

One remarkable quality in Mr. Adams, to which reference has 
been made in the discourse, was the simplicity of his character. 
This was apparent in his personal appearance, his manners, liis 
mode of intercourse with his fellow-men, his habits of life, as 
well as in his public and official conduct. He was entirely 
accessible to any who sought his society, even the humblest. 
He exacted nothing on account of the stations he had filled. 
He gave those, who differed from him in conversation or public 

8 



58 



debate, a fair chance to make the hest of their opinions. At 
St. Petersburg and at London, instead of attempting a style of 
living in imitation of that Avhich prevailed among the represent- 
atives of aristocratic governments, he Avas content to appear 
as he was, the representative of a plain republic. Of mere 
official consequence he seemed to tliink nothmg. He did not 
find in the stations he had filled a reason for declining any 
services that his fellow-citizens or fellow-christians might call 
him to perform. An instance of this is seen in his Avilling- 
ness to act as representative of a small fraction of the people, 
after having been the acknowledged and honored head and 
leader of the whole people ; a position which some persons 
amono; us thought he ought not to have allowed himself to be 
placed in. But he had his own ideas of what constitutes true 
dignity. 

Some few years since, Mr. Adams was invited by the school 
committee of the town of Qiiincy, to accompany them in 
their round of visits to the several district schools in the 
town. He complied very readily ; gave his attention, during 
a session of three hours in the forenoon and three in the after- 
noon of each day, to the lessons of the pupils ; and entered 
into the humble work before him with as much interest, and 
addressed the schools with as much animation of manner, as he 
would have evinced in political discussions, or in managing the 
affairs of a nation. Lord Bacon has said that " he who cannot 
contract the sight of his mind as well as disperse and dilate it, 
wanteth a great faculty." This mark of true greatness was 
not wantmg in Mr. Adams. 



CHRISTIAN PSALTER, (p. 41.) 

In 1841, when the author of this Discourse was preparing a 
new Collection of Psalms and Hymns for the use of the Re- 



59 

ligious Society to wlilch he ministers, Mr. Adams was kind 
enough to place in his hands, for such use as he might choose 
to make of it, an entire metrical version of the Psalms, together 
with a few other pieces of devotional poetry. From these 
compositions twenty-two pieces were selected, and are con- 
tained in the book pubhshed under the name of The Christian 
Psalter. 



REMAINS OF PRESIDENT JOHN ADAMS, (p. 41.) 

The remains of President John Adams and of Abigail his 
wife, lie entombed under the portico of the Granite Church, 
in which the First Congregational Society in Quincy worship. 
In a letter addressed in 1826, by Mr. J. Q. Adams to Thomas 
Greenleaf and others, supervisors of the temple and school 
fund, given by John Adams to the to^Ti of Quincy, is this pro- 
posal : " I propose that when the Congregational Society in 
this to^vn shall determine to commence the ere.ction of the 
Temple, they should adopt a resolution authorizing you to con- 
clude mth me an agreement, whereby at my expense, a vault 
or tomb may be constructed, under the temple, wherein may be 
deposited the mortal remains of the late John Adams, and of 
Abigail, his beloved and only wife." In accordance with 
this request of Mr. Adams, there was conveyed to him by 
indenture, a " portion of the soil in the cellar, situated under 
the porch at the entrance of the said temple, and par- 
titioned off by walls, being the central division of the said 
cellar under the porch, and containing fourteen feet in length 
and fourteen in breadth." By the same indenture liberty 
was granted to affix to any part of the walls of the temple, 
tablets with obituary inscriptions. Accordingly, on the east 
end of the edifice, at the side of the pulpit, a mural mon- 
ument was erected, surmounted by a bust of John Adams, from 
the chisel of Greenough. 



60 



On the tablets, beneath the bust, are the following inscriptions : 



LIBERTATEM, AMICITIAM, FIDEM RETIKEBIS. 
D. O. M. 



Beneath these walls 
are deposited the mortal remains of 

JOHN ADAMS, 

Son of John and Susanna (Boylston) 

Adams ; 

Second President of the United States ; 

Born II October, 1735 ; 

On the Fourth of July, 1776, 

He Pledged his Life, Fortune, and Sacred 

Honor 

To the Independence of his Country ; 

On the third of September, 17S3, 

He afRxed his seal to the definitive Treaty 

With Great Britain, 

Which acknowledged that Independence, 

And consummated the redemption of his 

T)led*^e. 

On the Fourth of July, 1826, 

He was summoned 

To the Independence of Immortality, 

And to the Judgment of his God. 

This house will bear witness to his piety ; 

This town, his birth-place, to his 

munificence ; 

History to his Patriotism ; 

Posterity to the depth and compass 

of his mind. 



At his side 

Sleeps, till the Trump shall sound, 

ABIGAIL, 

His beloved and only wife, 

Daughterof Wm. and Elizabeth (Quincy) 

Smith ; 

In every relation of life a pattern 

Of Filial, Conjugal, Maternal and Social 

Virtue. 

Born Nov. H, 1744, 

Deceased 28 Oct. 1818, 

./Et. 74. 



Married 25 Oct. 1764. 

During an union of naore than half a 

century, 

They sur\aved, in harmony of sentiment, 

principle, and afl'ection. 

The tempests of civil commotion ; 

Meeting undaunted, and surmounting 

The terrors and trials of that Revolution 

Which secured the Freedom of their 

Country, 

Improved the condition of their times ; 

And brightened the prospects of futurity 

To the race of man upon Earth. 



PILGRIM, 

From lives thus spent thy earthly duties learn, 
From Fancy's dreams to active Virtue turn ; 
Let Freedom, Friendship, Faith, thy soul engage, 
And serve like them thy country and thy age. 



\ 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



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